Montane Conifer Forest
Dense stands of ponderosa pine are found above 5,000 feet elevation where precipitation is greater than 16 inches per year. Other important trees include Gambel oak, Arizona walnut, aspen, Douglas fir, and white fir. Grasses may include blue grama, western wheatgrass, Arizona and sheep fescue, mountain and screwleaf muhly, junegrass, muttongrass, and dryland sedges. These areas are primarily used for summer range.
Cacti
Echinocereus fendleri
pinkflower hedgehog
Escobaria vivipara
Common beehive cactus
Opuntia phaeacantha
brown-spine prickly pear
Forbs and Subshrubs
Achillea millefolium
common yarrow
Aconitum columbianum
Columbian monkshood
Acourtia wrightii
brownfoot
Agastache pallidiflora
Bill Williams Mountain giant hyssop
Agastache wrightii
Sonoran giant hyssop
Ageratina herbacea
fragrant snakeroot
Agoseris aurantiaca
orange agoseris
Agoseris glauca
false agoseris
Agrimonia striata
roadside agrimony
Aletes macdougalii
MacDougal's Indian parsley
Allium acuminatum
tapertip onion
Allium bisceptrum
twincrest onion
Allium cernuum
nodding onion
Amaranthus wrightii
Wright's amaranth
Ambrosia acanthicarpa
flatspine bur ragweed
Ambrosia confertiflora
weakleaf bur ragweed
Androsace occidentalis
western rockjasmine
Androsace septentrionalis
pygmy rockjasmine
Anoda cristata
crested anoda
Antennaria marginata
whitemargin pussytoes
Antennaria parvifolia
small-leaf pussytoes
Apocynum androsaemifolium
spreading dogbane
Apocynum cannabinum
Indianhemp
Arabis fendleri
Fendler's rockcress
Arabis glabra
tower rockcress
Arabis gracilipes
Flagstaff rockcress
Arabis perennans
perennial rockcress
Aralia racemosa
American spikenard
Arenaria fendleri
Fendler's sandwort
Artemisia campestris
field sagewort
Artemisia carruthii
Carruth's sagewort
Artemisia dracunculus
tarragon
Artemisia filifolia
sand sagebrush
Artemisia ludoviciana
white sagebrush
Asclepias asperula
spider milkweed
Asclepias engelmanniana
Engelmann's milkweed
Asclepias involucrata
dwarf milkweed
Asclepias nyctaginifolia
Mojave milkweed
Asclepias subverticillata
horsetail milkweed
Asclepias tuberosa
butterfly milkweed
Astragalus amphioxys
crescent milkvetch
Astragalus humistratus
groundcover milkvetch
Astragalus lentiginosus
freckled milkvetch
Astragalus tephrodes
ashen milkvetch
Atriplex wrightii
Wright's saltbush
Bahia dissecta
ragleaf bahia
Brickellia betonicifolia
betonyleaf brickellbush
Brickellia californica
California brickellbush
Brickellia floribunda
Chihuahuan brickellbush
Brickellia grandiflora
tasselflower brickelbush
Calliandra humilis
dwarf stickpea
Calochortus ambiguus
doubting mariposa lily
Calochortus gunnisonii
Gunnison's mariposa lily
Calochortus nuttallii
sego lily
Calylophus serrulatus
yellow sundrops
Capsella bursa-pastoris
shepherd's purse
Castilleja angustifolia var. dubia
desert Indian paintbrush
Castilleja integra
wholeleaf Indian paintbrush
Castilleja linariifolia
Wyoming Indian paintbrush
Centaurea diffusa
diffuse knapweed
Centaurea melitensis
Maltese star-thistle
Cerastium fontanum
common mouse-ear chickweed
Ceratocephala testiculata
curveseed butterwort
Chamaesaracha coronopus
greenleaf five eyes
Chamaesyce albomarginata
whitemargin sandmat
Chamaesyce revoluta
threadstem sandmat
Chamaesyce vermiculata
wormseed sandmat
Chenopodium atrovirens
pinyon goosefoot
Chenopodium berlandieri
pitseed goosefoot
Chenopodium desiccatum
aridland goosefoot
Chenopodium fremontii
Fremont's goosefoot
Chenopodium incanum
mealy goosefoot
Chenopodium watsonii
Watson's goosefoot
Cirsium arizonicum
Arizona thistle
Cirsium arvense
Canada thistle
Cirsium vulgare
bull thistle
Cirsium wheeleri
Wheeler's thistle
Claytonia rosea
western springbeauty
Collinsia parviflora
maiden blue eyed Mary
Cologania angustifolia
longleaf cologania
Comandra umbellata
bastard toadflax
Commelina dianthifolia
birdbill dayflower
Corallorhiza maculata
summer coralroot
Cordylanthus wrightii
Wright's bird's beak
Cosmos parviflorus
southwestern cosmos
Cryptantha cinerea
James' cryptantha
Cryptantha fendleri
sanddune cryptantha
Cryptantha muricata
pointed cryptantha
Cuscuta gronovii
scaldweed
Cymopterus multinervatus
purplenerve springparsley
Dalea albiflora
whiteflower prairie clover
Dalea brachystachya
Fort Bowie prairie clover
Dalea candida
white prairie clover
Dalea filiformis
Sonoran prairie clover
Dalea leporina
foxtail prairie clover
Dalea polygonoides
sixweeks prairie clover
Delphinium scaposum
tall mountain larkspur
Descurainia obtusa
blunt tansymustard
Descurainia pinnata
tansymustard
Desmanthus cooleyi
Cooley's bundleflower
Desmodium grahamii
Graham's ticktrefoil
Desmodium metcalfei
Metcalfe's ticktrefoil
Desmodium rosei
Rose's ticktrefoil
Draba asprella
rough draba
Drymaria glandulosa
Fendler's drymary
Drymaria leptophylla
canyon drymary
Drymaria molluginea
slimleaf drymary
Dysphania graveolens
fetid goosefoot
Echeandia flavescens
Torrey's craglily
Epilobium brachycarpum
tall annual willowherb
Epilobium canum
hummingbird trumpet
Erigeron colomexicanus
running fleabane
Erigeron divergens
spreading fleabane
Erigeron flagellaris
trailing fleabane
Erigeron modestus
plains fleabane
Erigeron neomexicanus
New Mexico fleabane
Erigeron oreophilus
chaparral fleabane
Erigeron saxatilis
rock fleabane
Erigeron speciosus
aspen fleabane
Erigeron vreelandii
Vreeland's erigeron
Eriogonum abertianum
Abert's buckwheat
Eriogonum alatum
winged buckwheat
Eriogonum cernuum
nodding buckwheat
Eriogonum corymbosum
crispleaf buckwheat
Eriogonum davidsonii
Davidson's buckwheat
Eriogonum jamesii
James' buckwheat
Eriogonum maculatum
spotted buckwheat
Eriogonum nidularium
birdnest buckwheat
Eriogonum parishii
mountainmist
Eriogonum pharnaceoides
wirestem buckwheat
Eriogonum polycladon
sorrel buckwheat
Eriogonum pulchrum
Yavapai County buckwheat
Eriogonum racemosum
redroot buckwheat
Eriogonum umbellatum
sulphur-flower buckwheat
Erysimum capitatum
sanddune wallflower
Erysimum repandum
spreading wallflower
Euphorbia brachycera
horned spurge
Euphorbia cuphosperma
hairy-fruit spurge
Euphorbia dentata
toothed spurge
Euphorbia palmeri
woodland spurge
Euphorbia schizoloba
Mojave spurge
Euphorbia spathulata
warty spurge
Fragaria virginiana
Virginia strawberry
Frasera speciosa
elkweed
Fritillaria atropurpurea
spotted fritillary
Gaillardia pinnatifida
red dome blanketflower
Galium collomiae
Fossil Hill Creek bedstraw
Galium triflorum
fragrant bedstraw
Galium wrightii
Wright's bedstraw
Gaura coccinea
scarlet beeblossom
Gayophytum decipiens
deceptive groundsmoke
Gayophytum diffusum
spreading groundsmoke
Gayophytum racemosum
blackfoot groundsmoke
Geranium caespitosum
pineywoods geranium
Geranium richardsonii
Richardson's geranium
Gilia ophthalmoides
eyed gilia
Gilia sinuata
rosy gilia
Glycyrrhiza lepidota
American licorice
Grindelia laciniata
cutleaf gumweed
Grindelia nuda
curlytop gumweed
Grindelia squarrosa
curlycup gumweed
Hedeoma drummondii
Drummond's false pennyroyal
Hedeoma hyssopifolia
aromatic false pennyroyal
Hedeoma oblongifolia
oblongleaf false pennyroyal
Hedyotis greenei
Greene's star violet
Helianthus arizonensis
Arizona sunflower
Helianthus petiolaris
prairie sunflower
Heliomeris longifolia
longleaf false goldeneye
Heliomeris multiflora
showy goldeneye
Heterosperma pinnatum
wingpetal
Heterotheca fulcrata
rockyscree false goldenaster
Heterotheca villosa var. foliosa
hairy false goldenaster, leafy goldenaster
Heuchera eastwoodiae
Senator Mine alumroot
Heuchera parvifolia
littleleaf alumroot
Heuchera rubescens
pink alumroot
Hieracium fendleri
yellow hawkweed
Houstonia wrightii
pygmy bluet
Humulus lupulus
common hop
Hymenopappus filifolius
fineleaf hymenopappus
Hymenopappus mexicanus
Mexican woolywhite
Hymenothrix loomisii
Loomis' thimblehead
Hymenothrix wrightii
Wright's thimblehead
Hymenoxys bigelovii
Bigelow's rubberweed
Hymenoxys cooperi
Cooper's rubberweed
Hymenoxys richardsonii
pinque rubberweed
Hymenoxys rusbyi
Rusby's rubberweed
Hypericum scouleri
Scouler's St. Johnswort
Ipomoea barbatisepala
canyon morning-glory
Ipomoea capillacea
purple morning-glory
Ipomoea costellata
crestrib morning-glory
Ipomoea cristulata
Transpecos morning-glory
Ipomopsis aggregata
scarlet gilia
Ipomopsis longiflora
flaxflowered ipomopsis
Ipomopsis macombii
Macomb's ipomopsis
Ipomopsis multiflora
manyflowered ipomopsis
Iris missouriensis
Rocky Mountain iris
Ivesia multifoliolata
manyleaf mousetail
Laennecia coulteri
Coulter's horseweed
Lathyrus eucosmus
bush vetching
Lathyrus graminifolius
grassleaf pea
Lathyrus laetivirens
aspen pea
Lathyrus lanszwertii
Nevada pea
Lepidium montanum
mountain pepperwort
Leptosiphon nuttallii
Nuttall's linanthus
Lesquerella arizonica
Arizona bladderpod
Lesquerella gordonii
Gordon's bladderpod
Lesquerella intermedia
mid bladderpod
Lewisia brachycalyx
shortsepal lewisia
Ligusticum porteri
Porter's licorice-root
Linanthus nuttallii
Nuttall's linanthus
Linum australe
southern flax
Linum lewisii
Lewis flax
Linum neomexicanum
New Mexico yellow flax
Lithophragma tenellum
slender woodland-star
Lithospermum cobrense
smooththroat stoneseed
Lithospermum incisum
narrowleaf stoneseed
Lithospermum multiflorum
manyflowered stoneseed
Lomatium foeniculaceum
desert biscuitroot
Lotus plebeius
New Mexico bird's-foot trefoil
Lotus strigosus
strigose bird's-foot trefoil
Lotus unifoliolatus
American bird's-foot trefoil
Lotus utahensis
Utah bird's-foot trefoil
Lotus wrightii
Wright's deervetch
Lupinus argenteus
silvery lupine
Lupinus brevicaulis
shortstem lupine
Lupinus hillii
Hill's lupine
Lupinus kingii
King's Lupine
Lupinus latifolius
broadleaf lupine
Lupinus palmeri
Bluebonnet lupine
Machaeranthera bigelovii
Bigelow's tansyaster
Machaeranthera canescens
hoary tansyaster
Machaeranthera gracilis
slender goldenweed
Machaeranthera tanacetifolia
tansyleaf tansyaster
Menodora scabra
rough menodora
Mentzelia montana
variegated-bract blazingstar
Mentzelia multiflora
Adonis blazingstar
Mentzelia pumila
dwarf mentzelia
Mentzelia veatchiana
Veatch's blazingstar
Mertensia macdougalii
Macdougal's bluebells
Microsteris gracilis
slender phlox
Mirabilis albida
white four o'clock
Mirabilis coccinea
scarlet four o'clock
Mirabilis linearis
narrowleaf four o'clock
Mirabilis longiflora
sweet four o'clock
Mirabilis multiflora
Colorado four o'clock
Mirabilis oxybaphoides
smooth spreading four o'clock
Mirabilis pumila
dwarf four o'clock
Mollugo verticillata
green carpetweed
Monarda citriodora
lemon beebalm
Monarda fistulosa
wild bergamot
Monarda pectinata
pony beebalm
Monardella glauca
pale monardella
Monnina wrightii
blue pygmyflower
Monolepis nuttalliana
Nuttall's povertyweed
Nama dichotomum
wishbone fiddleleaf
Nama hispidum
bristly nama
Navarretia intertexta
needleleaf navarretia
Nepeta cataria
catmint
Nicotiana obtusifolia
desert tobacco
Noccaea fendleri
Fendler's pennycress
Nothoscordum bivalve
crowpoison
Oenothera albicaulis
whitest evening primrose
Oenothera caespitosa
tufted evening primrose
Oenothera flava
yellow evening primrose
Oenothera hexandra
harlequinbush
Oenothera pallida
pale evening primrose
Oenothera pubescens
South American evening primrose
Oenothera villosa
hairy evening primrose
Onopordum acanthium
Scotch thistle
Orobanche fasciculata
clustered broomrape
Orthocarpus luteus
yellow owl's clover
Orthocarpus purpureoalbus
purplewhite owl's clover
Oxalis albicans
radishroot woodsorrel
Oxalis alpina
Alpine woodsorrel
Oxalis caerulea
blue woodsorrel
Oxalis decaphylla
tenleaf woodsorrel
Oxytropis lambertii
purple locoweed
Packera hartiana
Hart's ragwort
Packera multilobata
lobeleaf groundsel
Packera quercetorum
Oak Creek ragwort
Pectis angustifolia
lemonscent
Pectis prostrata
spreading chinchweed
Pennellia longifolia
longleaf mock thelypody
Pennellia micrantha
mountain mock thelypody
Penstemon barbatus
beardlip penstemon
Penstemon linarioides
toadflax penstemon
Penstemon nudiflorus
Flagstaff beardtongue
Penstemon palmeri
Palmer's penstemon
Penstemon rostriflorus
bridge penstemon
Penstemon thompsoniae
Thompson's beardtongue
Penstemon virgatus
upright blue beardtongue
Perityle ciliata
fringed rockdaisy
Petradoria pumila
rock goldenrod
Phacelia alba
white phacelia, white scorpion weed
Phacelia bombycina
Mangas Spring phacelia
Phacelia cryptantha
hiddenflower phacelia
Phacelia egena
Kaweah River phacelia
Phacelia heterophylla
varileaf phacelia
Phacelia ivesiana
Ives' phacelia
Phacelia lemmonii
Lemmon's phacelia
Phaseolus angustissimus
slimleaf bean
Phaseolus maculatus
spotted bean
Phemeranthus validulus
Tusayan fameflower
Phlox amabilis
Arizona phlox
Phlox austromontana
mountain phlox
Phlox speciosa
showy phlox
Physalis heterophylla
clammy groundcherry
Phytolacca americana
American pokeweed
Plagiobothrys collinus
Cooper's popcornflower
Plantago argyrea
saltmeadow plantain
Plantago wrightiana
Wright's plantain
Polygala alba
white milkwort
Polygala obscura
velvetseed milkwort
Polygonum douglasii
Douglas' knotweed
Portulaca oleracea
little hogweed
Portulaca pilosa
kiss me quick
Portulaca suffrutescens
shrubby purslane
Portulaca umbraticola
wingpod purslane
Potentilla thurberi
scarlet cinquefoil
Proboscidea parviflora
doubleclaw
Pseudocymopterus montanus
alpine false springparsley
Pseudognaphalium canescens
Wright's cudweed
Pseudognaphalium macounii
Macoun's cudweed
Psilostrophe cooperi
whitestem paperflower
Psilostrophe sparsiflora
greenstem paperflower
Psoralidium tenuiflorum
slimflower scurfpea
Ratibida columnifera
upright prairie coneflower
Rumex salicifolius
willow dock
Sagina saginoides
arctic pearlwort
Salvia reflexa
lanceleaf sage
Salvia subincisa
sawtooth sage
Schkuhria multiflora
manyflower false threadleaf
Schoenocrambe linearifloria
slimleaf plainsmustard
Scrophularia parviflora
pineland figwort
Sedum cockerellii
Cockerll's stonecrop
Senecio arizonicus
Arizona ragwort
Senecio eremophilus
desert ragwort
Senecio flaccidus var. flaccidus
threadleaf ragwort
Senecio wootonii
Wooton's ragwort
Silene scouleri
simple campion
Sisyrinchium demissum
stiff blue-eyed grass
Solanum douglasii
greenspot nightshade
Solanum jamesii
wild potato
Solanum triflorum
cutleaf nightshade
Solidago altissima
Canada goldenrod
Solidago canadensis
shorthair goldenrod
Solidago missouriensis
Missouri goldenrod
Solidago velutina
threenerve goldenrod
Sphaeralcea fendleri
Fendler's globemallow
Sphaeralcea hastulata
spear globemallow
Sphaeralcea rusbyi
Rusby's globemallow
Stachys rothrockii
Rothrock's hedgenettle
Stanleya pinnata
desert princesplume
Stephanomeria minor
lesser wirelettuce
Stevia micrantha
annual candyleaf
Stevia plummerae
Plummmer's candyleaf
Streptanthus cordatus
heartleaf twistflower
Symphyotrichum ericoides
white heath aster
Symphyotrichum falcatum
white prairie aster
Tetraneuris acaulis
stemless four-nerve daisy
Thalictrum fendleri
Fendler's meadow-rue
Thelesperma megapotamicum
Hopi tea greenthread
Thermopsis divaricarpa
spreadfruit goldenbanner
Thlaspi montanum
alpine pennygrass
Townsendia exscapa
stemless Townsend daisy
Tradescantia occidentalis
prairie spiderwort
Tradescantia pinetorum
pinewoods spiderwort
Tragia nepetifolia
catnip noseburn
Tragia ramosa
branched noseburn
Tragopogon porrifolius
salsify
Trifolium gracilentum
pinpoint clover
Trifolium wormskioldii
cows clover
Triodanis perfoliata
clasping Venus looking-glass
Triteleia lemmoniae
Oak Creek triteleia
Urtica dioica
California nettle
Valeriana arizonica
Arizona valerian
Valeriana edulis
tobacco root
Verbena macdougalii
MacDougal verbena
Verbesina longifolia
longleaf crownbeard
Vicia americana
American vetch
Vicia pulchella
sweetclover vetch
Viguiera dentata
toothleaf goldeneye
Viola nephrophylla
northern bog violet
Viola vallicola
sagebrush violet
Wyethia arizonica
Arizona mule-ears
Zinnia grandiflora
Rocky Mountain zinnia
Grasses
Achnatherum lemmonii
Lemmon's needlegrass
Achnatherum lettermanii
Letterman's needlegrass
Achnatherum nelsonii
Columbia needlegrass
Achnatherum robustum
sleepygrass
Agrostis scabra
rough bentgrass
Aristida divaricata
poverty threeawn
Aristida fendleriana
Fendler threeawn
Aristida schiedeana
single threeawn
Arrhenatherum elatius
tall oatgrass
Blepharoneuron tricholepis
pine dropseed
Bouteloua curtipendula
sideoats grama
Bouteloua gracilis
blue grama
Bouteloua simplex
mat grama
Bromus anomalus
nodding brome
Bromus arizonicus
Arizona brome
Bromus ciliatus
fringed brome
Bromus marginatus
mountain brome
Bromus porteri
Porter brome
Dichanthelium oligosanthes
Heller's rosette grass
Elymus elymoides
squirreltail
Elymus glaucus
blue wildrye
Elymus trachycaulus
slender wheatgrass
Eragrostis curvula
weeping lovegrass
Eragrostis intermedia
plains lovegrass
Eragrostis mexicana
Mexican lovegrass
Festuca arizonica
Arizona fescue
Festuca californica
California fescue
Festuca ovina
sheep fescue
Hesperostipa comata
needle & thread
Hordeum jubatum
foxtail barley
Koeleria macrantha
Junegrass
Lycurus setosus
bristly wolfstail
Melica porteri
Porter's melicgrass
Muhlenbergia arenicola
sand muhly
Muhlenbergia brevis
short muhly
Muhlenbergia emersleyi
bullgrass
Muhlenbergia fragilis
delicate muhly
Muhlenbergia longiligula
longtongue muhly
Muhlenbergia minutissima
annual muhly
Muhlenbergia montana
mountain muhly
Muhlenbergia pauciflora
New Mexico muhly
Muhlenbergia ramulosa
green muhly
Muhlenbergia repens
creeping muhly
Muhlenbergia richardsonis
mat muhly
Muhlenbergia sinuosa
marshland muhly
Muhlenbergia wrightii
spike muhly
Panicum bulbosum
bulb panicgrass
Panicum hallii
Hall's panicgrass
Panicum hirticaule
Mexican panicgrass
Pascopyrum smithii
western wheatgrass
Piptochaetium pringlei
Pringle's speargrass
Poa fendleriana
muttongrass
Poa pratensis
Kentucky bluegrass
Schedonnardus paniculatus
tumblegrass
Schizachyrium cirratum
Texas bluestem
Schizachyrium scoparium
little bluestem
Setaria macrostachya
large-spike bristlegrass
Sorghastrum nutans
Indiangrass
Sphenopholis obtusata
prairie wedgescale
Sporobolus cryptandrus
sand dropseed
Sporobolus flexuosus
mesa dropseed
Sporobolus interruptus
black dropseed
Shrubs
Amelanchier utahensis
Utah serviceberry
Arctostaphylos patula
greenleaf manzanita
Arctostaphylos pringlei
Pringle manzanita
Arctostaphylos pungens
pointleaf manzanita
Calliandra eriophylla
fairyduster
Ceanothus fendleri
Fendler's ceanothus
Ceanothus integerrimus
deerbrush
Cercocarpus montanus
alderleaf mountain mahogany
Ericameria nauseosa
rubber rabbitbrush
Eriogonum microthecum
slender buckwheat
Fendlera rupicola
cliff fendlerbush
Frangula californica
California buckthorn
Garrya flavescens
ashy silktassel
Garrya wrightii
Wright's silktassel
Mahonia fremontii
Fremont's mahonia
Mahonia repens
creeping barberry
Ptelea trifoliata
common hoptree
Purshia stansburiana
Mexican cliffrose
Rhamnus ilicifolia
hollyleaf buckthorn
Rhus trilobata
skunkbush sumac
Ribes cereum
wax currant
Rosa woodsii var. ultramontana
Woods' rose
Rosa woodsii var. woodsii
Woods' rose
Sambucus nigra ssp. cerulea
blue elderberry
Symphoricarpos oreophilus
mountain snowberry
Symphoricarpos rotundifolius
roundleaf snowberry
Tetradymia canescens
gray felt thorn
Trees
Abies concolor
white fir
Acer grandidentatum
bigtooth maple
Ailanthus altissima
tree of heaven
Juniperus deppeana
alligator juniper
Juniperus monosperma
oneseed juniper
Juniperus osteosperma
Utah juniper
Juniperus scopulorum
Rocky Mountain juniper
Pinus edulis
pinyon pine
Pinus monophylla
singleleaf pinyon
Pinus ponderosa
ponderosa pine
Prunus virginiana
chokecherry
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas-fir
Quercus arizonica
Arizona white oak
Quercus chrysolepis
canyon live oak
Quercus emoryi
Emory oak
Quercus gambelii
Gambel oak
Rhus glabra
smooth sumac
Robinia neomexicana
New Mexico locust
Sambucus nigra
black elderberry
Yuccas
Yucca angustissima
fineleaf yucca
Yucca baccata
banana yucca