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Euphorbia palmeri - woodland spurge

Scientific Family
Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms
Euphorbia lurida
Other common names
wood spurge
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Native
Lifecycle
Perennial
Height
4 to 14 inches
Riparian
No

Rootstock thick; stems ascending to erect, unbranched, sometimes wavy, smooth, without hairs, 4 to 14 inches tall; stems have milky juice.

Stems ascending to erect; stem leaves oblong to round, widest above middle, flower leaves wider than long; 5 clusters of male flowers surround 1 female flower; glands with rounded teeth on margins, without petal-like appendages and slightly 2-horned.

Habitat

Dry slopes, flats, canyons, open pine-oak forests, roadsides, fields, and clearings.

Plant Community
Disturbed Areas
Montane Conifer Forest
Pinyon Juniper Woodlands
Low elevation
4000
High elevation
8000

Flower Characteristics

Yellow bracts join to form tiny cup (involucre); 5 clusters of male flowers surround 1 female flower with 3 ovary chambers, 1 seed per chamber, 3 styles, divided; glands with rounded teeth on margins, without petal-like appendages, slightly 2-horned.

Flower color
Yellow
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
No
First bloom month
April
Last bloom month
June
Flower clusters
Rounded

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Light green, generally alternate, fleshy, numerous; oblong to round, wider than long, to 3/8 inch wide and 1/4 inch long; margins smooth, tip pointed to rounded.

Leaf type
Simple
Leaf color
Light green
Leaf shape
Round or oval
Leaf margin
Smooth
Leaf attachment
Alternate
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
None
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

Capsules egg-shaped and about 1/4 inch long.

Fruit type
Capsule

Seeds ashy (gray), oblong and about 1/8 inch long, with a brown caruncle (appendage at attachment of seed), which is easily removed; surface net-like; irregularly pitted.