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Ailanthus altissima - tree of heaven

Scientific Family
Simaroubaceae
Synonyms
Ailanthus glandulosa, Toxicodendron altissimum
Other common names
stinkweed
copal tree
Chinese sumac
Plant type
Trees
Riparian
Yes

Plant Description

Origin
Introduced

Hardy, potentially large tree; rounded, spreading, open crown of stout branches and coarse foliage; grows up to 8 feet per year. Thrives under adverse conditions. Trunk diameter to 2 feet. Capable of spreading from seeds or suckers. Often in clusters.

Deciduous introduced tree; leaves are alternate pinnately compound, unpleasantly odorous when rubbed, on thick smooth stalks; leaflets 11 to 41, margins toothed, dark green on top and paler underneath, opposite; fruits winged and reddish to tan.

Height
50 to 80 feet
Width
80 feet

Habitat

Habitat description

Occurs on floodplains and other disturbed sites, riparian areas, open woodlands and forests, and rock outcrops.

Plant Community
Disturbed Areas
Grasslands
Interior Chaparral
Montane Conifer Forest
Pinyon Juniper Woodlands
Riparian
Low elevation
2000
High elevation
6000

Leaves

Leaf color
Green
Leaf type
Compound
Leaf shape
Narrow
Leaf margin
Toothed
Leaf attachment
Alternate
Leaf hairs
None
Spines
No
Leaf Drop
Deciduous

Dark green above but pale beneath. Pinnately compound, 1 to 2 feet long with 11 to 41 leaflets. Paired leaflets are 3 to 5 inches long, 1 to 2 inches wide, broadly lanced-shaped, pointed and toothed at base. Each tooth is paired with a gland.

Flowers

Flower color
Yellowish-green to white
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
No
First bloom month
May
Last bloom month
July

Flowers 1/4 inch long with 5 petals in large dense terminal clusters 6 to 12 inches long. Male flowers have an objectionable odor. Flowers can be male only with 10 stamens, male and female flowers with 2 to 3 stamens or female flowers only.

Flower clusters
Elongated

Fruit

Fruit color
Light brown
Fruit type
Winged

Appear on plant in flat, twisted, paper-like wings, dispersed by wind. Seeds can stay on branch for a long time. Reddish when young.

Bark/Branches

Bark color
Light brown to dark gray
Bark texture
Rough

Thin. Smooth when young but becomes rough, fissured and dark gray with age. Weak branches are easily broken by storms. Twigs are light brown and very stout with fine hairs when young. Buds are small, hairy and brown.