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Solanum triflorum - cutleaf nightshade

Scientific Family
Solanaceae
Other common names
small nightshade
three-flowered nightshade
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Introduced
Lifecycle
Annual
Similar species
Solanum dulcamara, S. nigrum, S. sarrachoides
Height
To about 16 inches long
Riparian
Yes

Mat-like annual with sprawling stems often growing close to the ground, sometimes erect. Leaves are deeply divided and grow to 4 inches long. Rounded clusters of 3 (often) small, white, star-like flowers with yellow centers grow between the leaf and stem.

Annual, herbage sparsely hairy with appressed hairs; stems tend to lay on the ground; deeply pinnatifid leaves, flowers white or whitish, tend to be in clusters of 3 but can be 1 to 3; round fruits are not enclosed by the calyx.

Habitat

Roadsides, cultivated fields, washes, streamsides, dry scrub lands and juniper woodlands, often in sandy soil.

Plant Community
Desert Scrub
Disturbed Areas
Grasslands
Interior Chaparral
Montane Conifer Forest
Pinyon Juniper Woodlands
Riparian
Low elevation
1000
High elevation
7500

Flower Characteristics

Small, star-shaped flowers are 1/4 inch wide, have 5 petals and a yellow center. Flowers are usually white (rarely pale lavender) or whitish and tinged with green. Blooms grow in rounded clusters of 1 to 3 (often 3) and have a sweetish scent.

Flower color
White, whitish
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
Yes
First bloom month
May
Last bloom month
September
Flower clusters
Rounded

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Stems branch from the base and may grow to 1-1/2 feet tall when erect. Leaves are oval in outline, often deeply dissected, 3/4 to 4 inches long, 1/2 to 1 inch wide, often with a foul odor if rubbed. The lobe margins are thickened and curve backwards.

Leaf type
Simple
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Pinnatifid
Leaf margin
Dissected
Leaf attachment
Alternate
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
Leaves & stems
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

Fruit is smooth and fleshy with a globe-like shape. It is 1/4 to 1/2 inch wide, somewhat glossy, and has a marbled green color (streaked with white) at maturity.

Fruit type
Berry-like
Fruit color
Green streaked with white

Each seed is flat, nearly circular, light brownish-yellow and about 1/8 inch long. Many seeds are produced by the fruit which does not open to release the seeds when mature.