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Elymus elymoides - squirreltail

Scientific Family
Poaceae
Synonyms
Aegilops hystrix, E. difformis, E. glaber , E. insularis , E. minor, E. pubiflorus, Sitanion hystrix var. hystrix and more. See SEINET.
Other common names
bottlebrush squirreltail
western bottle-brush grass
Plant type
Grasses
Riparian
No

Grass Description

Origin
Native
Season
Cool
Warm

Dry slopes of the desert ranges to subalpine sites.

Plant Community
Grasslands
Interior Chaparral
Montane Conifer Forest
Pinyon Juniper Woodlands
Low elevation
2000
High elevation
11000
Similar species
Hordeum jubatum

General Description

Erect grass not forming dense clumps, often covered in a powdery or waxy bloom. Blades at distinct angles from stem. Seedhead when mature looks like a bottle brush or squirrel tail.

Tufted perennial, 3 to 25 inches; seedheads are spikes, erect to flexuous, clusters of (usually) 2 spikelets per node and stacked up the central stem; very long awns that curve outward when dry, making the seedhead look like a bottlebrush.

Grass type
Perennial bunchgrass
Rhizomes
No
Stolons
No
Clump Diameter 2 ft or more
No
Bushy - highly branched
No
Height with Seedheads
12 inches or more
Seedhead Structure
Unbranched
Seedhead droops
No
First bloom month
April
Last bloom month
September

Flower Characteristics

Flowers per Spikelet
Multi-flowered
Spikelets One-Sided
No
Awns
Greater than 1 inch
Three Awns
No
Awns bent
Yes
Flower and Seedhead Notes

Spikes 1-1/4 to 8 inches long, 2 to 6 inches wide, bristly with long spreading awns, densely flowered, often partially included in the upper leaf sheath. Spikelets of 2 to 5 florets of which one or more may be fertile.

Vegetative Characteristics

Blade is hairy
No
Blade margins white
No
Blade cross-section
Involute – rolled inward on upper surface

Blades 2 to 8 inches long, 1/16 to 1/4 inch wide, stiff and rolled inward; tapering to a fine point; prominent veins.

Sheath is hairy
Yes
Tufts of hair top of sheath or collar
No
Ligule
Membranous
Auricles
Yes

Considered one of the most fire resistant of all native bunchgrasses and provides good forage before the bristly spikes mature and after they have fallen off.