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Pseudotsuga menziesii - Douglas-fir

Scientific Family
Pinaceae
Synonyms
Abies douglasii, A. menziesii, P. mucronate, P. taxifolia, Pseudotsuga vancouverensis
Other common names
Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir
Plant type
Trees
Riparian
No

Plant Description

Origin
Native

Mature trees over 100 feet tall, trunks reaching 5 feet in diameter; deeply furrowed brown to grayish-brown bark. Branches of the tree droop downward within a narrow to broadly conic canopy, that is often flattened in age.

Single round trunk, narrow to cone-shaped crown that flattens with age; bark, long scaly fissures; needles single, spirally arranged; distinguished by flattened, short-stalked round-tipped needles and pendulous papery cones with 3 papery bracts.

Height
100 to 130 feet
Width
6 to 15 feet

Habitat

Habitat description

Found on mountain slopes, generally above 6500 feet, as low as 5000 feet in canyons.

Plant Community
Montane Conifer Forest
Low elevation
6500
High elevation
10000

Leaves

Leaf color
Yellowish-green, bluish-green
Leaf type
Needles
Leaf shape
Narrow
Leaf margin
Smooth
Leaf attachment
Other
Leaf hairs
None
Spines
No
Leaf Drop
Deciduous

Needles protrude in all directions from the branches and are narrow, flat, soft, rounded at tip, 3/4 to 1-1/4 inches long and attached to branches with short twisted stems.

Flowers

Flower color
No flowers
Flower shape
Other
Tubular
No

Gymnosperm, not a flowering plant.

Flower clusters
None

Fruit

Fruit color
Reddish-brown, orangish-red
Fruit type
Cone or cone-like

Reddish-brown female cones are 3 inches long, pendulous with distinctive 3-pronged papery bracts extending from rounded scales, mature first season and shed in fall. Male cones are orangish-red, produced in the axils of leaves of the preceding year.

Bark/Branches

Bark color
Brown to grayish-brown
Bark texture
Rough

Very thick, deeply furrowed, often very gray as it ages.