Plant Description
Often has a very upright growth habit, evergreen, spring-deciduous, lustrous green leaves. Slow growth.
Leaves mostly dark green on both sides, oblong, shiny, spines on margins. Lower leaf surface not strongly net-veined. Bark is black on mature trees. Shrub or a tree, but can reach a height of 40 feet or more; often has a very upright growth habit.
Habitat
Chaparral, pinyon-juniper, oak woodlands and ponderosa pine woodlands.
Leaves
Narrowly ovate to broadly lance shaped, thick, stiff and leathery, 1 to 3 inches long with a spiny tip and some spiny teeth on the margins. Shiny yellowish-green to dark green and smooth above, paler but smooth below with maybe a few hairs.
Flowers
Tiny male and females flowers on the same plant. Males in long drooping catkins, yellowish-green. Females solitary or in short spikes in leaf axils, appearing with the leaves.
Fruit
Oblong acorn 1/2 to 3/4 inch long with lower third covered by a hairy, thick, scaly, bowl-shaped cup. Ripens in 1 season in early fall.