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Solanum americanum - American black nightshade

Scientific Family
Solanaceae
Synonyms
Solanum caribaeum, Solanum fistulosum, Solanum hermannii, Solanum linnaeanum, Solanum nigrum, Solanum nodiflorum, Solanum sodomeum
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Native
Lifecycle
Annual or perennial
Height
To 30 inches
Riparian
Yes

Annual or short-lived perennial; sometimes turning woody with age; without tubers or stolons.

Fruits are not enclosed by the calyx(sepals); calyx lobes partially united; whitish corolla up to 5/16 inch wide; herbage with some or no hairs, not sticky; leaf blades with mostly smooth margins, some may be toothed.

Habitat

Agricultural areas, waste places and riparian areas.

Plant Community
Disturbed Areas
Riparian
Low elevation
200
High elevation
6000

Flower Characteristics

Small; 5 narrow, point-tipped, often reflexed lobes and a beak of yellow stamens. Blooms sporadically throughout the year whenever conditions are right.

Flower color
White to tinged purple
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
No
First bloom month
January
Last bloom month
December
Flower clusters
Rounded

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Leaves green above and below; oval in shape; stemmed; either smooth-edged or edged with large, rounded teeth. Stems are cylindrical or slightly tapered to angled, sometimes with small, curved teeth on the angles.

Leaf type
Simple
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Round or oval
Leaf margin
Toothed
Leaf attachment
Alternate
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
Leaves & stems
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

Round, green or orange-brown berries that ripen to a shiny black; not quite globe or ball-shaped; less than 1/4 inch wide.

Fruit type
Berry-like
Fruit color
Green, orange-brown, black

Minutely pitted, less than 1/16 inch wide