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Ranunculus pensylvanicus - Pennsylvania buttercup

Scientific Family
Ranunculaceae
Synonyms
bristly buttercup, bristly crowfoot
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Native
Lifecycle
Annual or perennial
Similar species
Ranunculus macounii, R. recurvatus
Height
To about 3 feet
Riparian
Yes

An annual or short-lived perennial growing erect with sturdy, hairy, hollow stems that may be branched or single. Basal and stem leaves are divided into 3 leaflets. Small, yellow, shiny flowers with 5 rounded petals grow singly near the top of the plant.

Distinguished by the erect and hollow stems; leaves of 3 leaflets, which divide into toothed segments, ultimate segments narrowly oval, with toothed margins and a pointed tip; flowers delicate, minute, solitary, sepals turned downward.

Habitat

Found in moist to damp soils, along streambanks, in marshes, wet meadows, bogs, moist sites in forests, depressions in woodlands, bottomlands (low-lying land near a water source that overflows during floods) and ditchbanks (narrow drainage channels).

Plant Community
Riparian
Low elevation
3000
High elevation
8000

Flower Characteristics

Each flower is 1/8 to 1/4 inch wide with 5 petals. Above the petals are 15 to 25 yellow-tipped stamens encircling a cylindric yellow to green center. Below the petals are 5 green leafy sepals that are longer than the petals and bend away from the flower.

Flower color
Yellow, yellow to green center
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
No
First bloom month
June
Last bloom month
September
Flower clusters
None

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Leaves are oval in outline and deeply divided into 3 narrow oval leaflets with sharp notches. Leaflets are up to 3 inches long and 2 inches wide becoming smaller up the stem. Basal leaves wither early. Stems have bristly, stiff, spreading hairs.

Leaf type
Compound
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Round or oval
Leaf margin
Dissected
Leaf attachment
Basal & Alternate
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
Leaves & stems
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

Fruits are held in a cylindric head about 1/2 inch long. Each fruit in the head is 1/16 to 1/8 inch long, smooth, flattened, egg-shaped with a narrow rib on the edge. The tip (beak) of the fruit is short, flat, mostly straight and remains on the fruit.

Fruit type
Achene
Fruit color
Light brown to yellowish-brown

There is 1 seed per fruit; the fruit does not split open to release the seed when ripe.