Skip to main content

Phragmites australis - common reed

Scientific Family
Poaceae
Synonyms
Phragmites communis, Phragmites communis Trin. ssp. berlandieri, Phragmites communis Trin. var. berlandieri, Phragmites phragmites
Other common names
common reedgrass
giant reed
Plant type
Grasses
Riparian
Yes

Grass Description

Origin
Introduced
Season
Warm

Found in wet or muddy ground along streams, ditches, in marshes, and at the edges of lakes and ponds.

Plant Community
Disturbed Areas
Riparian
Low elevation
0
High elevation
6000
Similar species
Arundo sp.

General Description

Stout erect rhizomatous and stoloniferous perennial, often forming dense stands. Stems are up to 20 feet tall and branch above the base of the plant and at stem nodes. Stems are tan in color and ridged or ribbed.

Differs from Arundo sp. in having wedge-shaped light to dark brown areas at base of blades. Perennials up to 13 feet tall with broad blades and large terminal plumose seedheads and several flowered spikelets.

Grass type
Perennial bunchgrass
Rhizomes
Yes
Stolons
Yes
Clump Diameter 2 ft or more
Yes
Bushy - highly branched
Yes
Height with Seedheads
Greater than 36 inches
Seedhead Structure
Branched - open and spreading
Seedhead droops
Yes
First bloom month
July
Last bloom month
September

Flower Characteristics

Flowers per Spikelet
Multi-flowered
Spikelets One-Sided
No
Awns
Absent
Three Awns
No
Awns bent
No
Flower and Seedhead Notes

Seedheads spreading, bushy, egg shaped, usually purple or golden in color, up to 20 inches long. Spikelets have 3 to 10 florets that appear gray at maturity due to the growth of long, silky hairs from each spikelet. Lemma tips long, taper to sharp point.

Vegetative Characteristics

Blade is hairy
No
Blade margins white
No
Blade cross-section
Flat
Folded

Bluish-green blades are smooth, up to 2 feet long by 1-1/4 inches wide with pointed tips, and are flat or folded.

Sheath is hairy
No
Tufts of hair top of sheath or collar
No
Ligule
Membranous and hairy
Auricles
No

Young plants of common reed are considered very palatable and are readily grazed by sheep and cattle. Mature plants are tough and unpalatable to livestock and wildlife.