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Pennisetum glaucum - pearl millet

Scientific Family
Poaceae
Synonyms
Cenchrus americanus, Panicum americanum, Pennisetum americanum, Pennisetum typhoides
Plant type
Grasses
Riparian
Yes

Grass Description

Origin
Introduced
Season
Warm

Found in seasonally moist disturbed areas such as roadsides, stream banks, and cultivated fields.

Plant Community
Disturbed Areas
Riparian
Low elevation
0
High elevation
6500

General Description

Pearl millet is an upright bunch grass that forms new stems (tillers from the base); extensive root system; erect stems up to 9 feet tall. Stems are 1/2 to 1 inch in diameter.

Tall, up to 78 inches, annual with erect and branching stems; seedheads fully exerted from the sheath; first glume absent or shorter than second; lemmas with pubescent margins; grains (caryopses) protrude from the florets at maturity.

Grass type
Annual
Rhizomes
No
Stolons
No
Clump Diameter 2 ft or more
No
Bushy - highly branched
No
Height with Seedheads
Greater than 36 inches
Seedhead Structure
Branched - contracted
Seedhead droops
No
First bloom month
July
Last bloom month
September

Flower Characteristics

Flowers per Spikelet
Multi-flowered
Spikelets One-Sided
No
Awns
Absent
Three Awns
No
Awns bent
No
Flower and Seedhead Notes

Seedhead resembles a cattail, bristly and spike-like, 4 to 20 inches long, densely hairy axis, reduced branches, 1 to 9 spikelets; spikelets of 2 florets, lower floret sterile.

Vegetative Characteristics

Blade is hairy
No
Blade margins white
No
Blade cross-section
Flat
Involute – rolled inward on upper surface

Leaf blades are 8 to 40 inches long and 1/2 to 3 inches wide. Leaves may appear loosely twisted.

Sheath is hairy
Yes
Tufts of hair top of sheath or collar
Yes
Ligule
Hairy
Auricles
No

Pearl millet is regarded as a high quality feed for grazing, hay, or silage. It is high in protein and energy and low in fiber and lignin concentration.