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Lobelia cardinalis - cardinalflower

Scientific Family
Campanulaceae
Synonyms
Lobelia fulgens, Lobelia splendens
Other common names
cardinal flower
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Native
Lifecycle
Perennial
Height
1 to 3 feet
Riparian
Yes

Erect stemmed and unbranched, may have hairs on stems.  Alternate sessile to short stemmed leaves, blades narrow to ovate with pointed tips, margins lined with small, gland-tipped teeth. Red flowers on slender stalks.

Stems erect and unbranched, hairless to soft hairs; leaves alternate, stemless; blades oblong to ovate-lanceolate, margins lined with small, gland-tipped teeth. Flowers red and strongly 2-lipped; slender terminal spike-like clusters.

Habitat

Found growing in small patches along streams and rivers. Its roots need to be wet and its flowers must have partial shade and some sunlight.

Plant Community
Riparian
Low elevation
3000
High elevation
7500

Flower Characteristics

Tall, open spike-like cluster, 12 to 24 inches long. Each flower, 1-1/2 inches wide, has 2 upper and 3 spreading lower petals that form a thin tube at its base. Flowers alternate on the stem with lower flowers opening before the upper.

Flower color
Red
Flower shape
Irregular
Tubular
Yes
First bloom month
June
Last bloom month
October
Flower clusters
Elongated

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Thin, narrow to ovate leaves, 2 to 6 inches long, margins lined with small, gland-tipped teeth. There may be hairs on stems.

Leaf type
Simple
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Narrow
Leaf margin
Toothed
Leaf attachment
Alternate
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
Stems
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

10-ribbed and papery.

Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit color
Golden-brown

Many seeds per capsule.