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Chamaesyce melanadenia - red-gland spurge

Scientific Family
Euphorbiaceae
Synonyms
Euphorbia melanadenia
Other common names
red-gland sandmat
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Native
Lifecycle
Perennial
Similar species
Euphorbia cinerascens
Height
3 to 8 inches
Riparian
No

Perennial covered with short, matted hairs forming small clumps, has a frosted appearance; stems erect or ascending, may be almost flat on the ground in open flats especially so in disturbed soil; stems slender, reddish, repeatedly forking.

Clusters of 15 to 20 males, 1 female flower in leaf axils and branch tips, petal-like appendages white, longer than reddish-purple glands; capsules hairy; leaves opposite, fine curly hairs on both sides. Curly hairs on stems too; seeds wrinkled, 4-angled.

Habitat

Found on dry, rocky slopes or flats, sunny hillsides and along washes. Can be found on disturbed soils.

Plant Community
Desert Scrub
Disturbed Areas
Interior Chaparral
Pinyon Juniper Woodlands
Low elevation
800
High elevation
5000

Flower Characteristics

Flower clusters of cup-like structures enclose a single female flower and 15 to 20 male flowers (cyathia); 4 red, reddish-purple nectar glands; white, scalloped, petal-like appendages, usually much wider than subtending nectar glands.

Flower color
White with reddish-purple glands
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
No
First bloom month
January
Last bloom month
December
Flower clusters
Rounded

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Leaf blades opposite, oval-shaped, 1/16 to 1/2 inch long, green to dark red with age; asymmetrical bases; pair of leaf-like appendages (stipules) at base of leaf stem united on lower side, distinct on upper. Stems sometimes reddish.

Leaf type
Simple
Leaf color
Green, aging to dark red
Leaf shape
Round or oval
Leaf margin
Smooth
Leaf attachment
Opposite
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
Leaves & stems
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

Lobed capsule with short, matted hairs; oval-shaped; sharply angled.

Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit color
Green to light brown

Seeds white, oval-shaped, 4-angled in cross section, smooth to wrinkled or alveolate (honeycomb pattern).