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Brassica juncea - brown mustard

Scientific Family
Brassicaceae
Synonyms
B. juncea var. crispifolia, B. integrifolia, B. japonica, B. juncea var. japonica, B. willdenowii., Sinapis juncea
Other common names
India mustard
Indian mustard
Chinese mustard
Plant type
Forbs and Subshrubs
Origin
Introduced
Lifecycle
Annual or perennial
Height
1 to 4 feet
Riparian
No

Leaves oval-shaped, simple, stemmed; basal leaves wilting early, flowers along elongated stems, bisexual with 4 free sepals and 4 yellow petals, along with 2 longer and 2 shorter stamens.

Erect; upper leaves smaller, mostly short-stalked to stalkless, not clasping; yellow flowers, 4-parted; fruit pedicels are long, spreading, seed capsules not lying flat against the stem.

Habitat

Roadsides, disturbed areas, waste places, cultivated and abandoned fields.

Plant Community
Disturbed Areas
Low elevation
0
High elevation
9800

Flower Characteristics

Rounded clusters of stemmed pale yellow flowers along elongated stems, to 3/4 inch wide; 4 petals; 6 stamens.

Flower color
Pale yellow
Flower shape
Regular
Tubular
No
First bloom month
May
Last bloom month
September
Flower clusters
Elongated

Leaf and Stem Characteristics

Stems slightly hairy; lower dissected leaves larger and stalked, 4 to 8 inches long, toothed. Alternate upper leaves stalkless or nearly so, not clasping, smaller than lower leaves, lance-shaped to narrow, mostly not toothed.

Leaf type
Simple
Leaf color
Green
Leaf shape
Pinnatifid
Leaf margin
Dissected
Leaf attachment
Alternate
Leaves clasp
No
Leaf hairs
Stems
Spines
No

Fruit and Seed Characteristics

Long, narrow capsules (siliques) split open when mature; ascending, 3/4 to 1-1/2 inches long, roundish in cross-section, with a beak.

Fruit type
Capsule
Fruit color
Reddish-brown, yellow

Seeds 1/16 inch long, conspicuously not veined. Not gelatinous.